Fuzzy constructs in technology usage scales

The mass adoption of digital technologies raises questions about how they impact people and society. Associations between technology use negative correlates (e.g., depression anxiety) remain common. However, pre-registered studies have failed to replicate these findings. Regardless direction, many designs rely on psychometric scales that claim define quantify a construct associated with engagement. These often suggest clinical manifestations present as disorders or addictions. Given their importance for research integrity, we consider what might be measuring. Across three studies, observe align single, identical despite claims capture something unique. We conclude measures appear measure similar, poorly defined sometimes overlaps pre-existing well-being. Social scientists should critically proceed methodologically conceptually when developing in this domain ensure findings sit solid foundations.